“這(zhe)秧(yang)(yang)(yang)盤(pan)成本大(da)約(yue)是(shi)(shi)多少(shao)？”“再演示一遍(bian)(bian)，我看(kan)看(kan)它是(shi)(shi)如(ru)何翻(fan)板的(de)(de)(de)。”“我數(shu)數(shu)每穴有(you)(you)多少(shao)粒種子。”前(qian)不(bu)久在黑龍江八一農墾(ken)大(da)學(xue)“水稻植(zhi)質缽育機械化栽(zai)培新(xin)技術”演示現場，來自科研(yan)院(yuan)校及全國農墾(ken)系統的(de)(de)(de)部分(fen)專家學(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)被這(zhe)項(xiang)(xiang)新(xin)技術所吸引，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)探究秧(yang)(yang)(yang)盤(pan)的(de)(de)(de)生產過程，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)拿(na)起(qi)秧(yang)(yang)(yang)盤(pan)細(xi)細(xi)查看(kan)其(qi)結(jie)實度，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)一遍(bian)(bian)遍(bian)(bian)要求重復演示播種過程，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)拔出秧(yang)(yang)(yang)苗(miao)看(kan)其(qi)秧(yang)(yang)(yang)根盤(pan)結(jie)情況，而拍照則不(bu)再是(shi)(shi)記者(zhe)(zhe)們的(de)(de)(de)專利，專家學(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)紛紛將這(zhe)項(xiang)(xiang)新(xin)技術的(de)(de)(de)獨特(te)之處拍照留(liu)存。
據(ju)介紹(shao)，2010年，這項新技(ji)術在黑(hei)龍江農墾的(de)20個示范(fan)點的(de)1.5萬(wan)畝(mu)水(shui)田進行了試驗(yan)示范(fan)，結果顯示：該技(ji)術增(zeng)產幅(fu)度大(da)，平均畝(mu)產達(da)到(dao)815公斤，比常規種植(zhi)增(zeng)產20.7%。目前，該技(ji)術已通過專家鑒定，達(da)到(dao)國際先進水(shui)平。
“這一技(ji)術(shu)(shu)將是(shi)目(mu)(mu)前水稻(dao)種植(zhi)模式(shi)(shi)和機械(xie)作業(ye)方式(shi)(shi)的(de)一次革新。”項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)組負責人、黑龍江八(ba)一農墾大學副校長汪春教(jiao)授說，“植(zhi)質秧(yang)(yang)盤(pan)滿足了缽育(yu)(yu)苗的(de)所有農業(ye)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)要求(qiu)，移栽(zai)不傷根、無需緩苗，比普通(tong)育(yu)(yu)秧(yang)(yang)增加12－15天有效(xiao)生(sheng)長期；秧(yang)(yang)盤(pan)隨(sui)著水稻(dao)生(sheng)長緩慢降解，實現了植(zhi)物秸稈綜合利用，最終實現提(ti)質、增產(chan)，是(shi)目(mu)(mu)前水稻(dao)生(sheng)產(chan)實現優質、高產(chan)最有效(xiao)的(de)手段之(zhi)一，有助于實現北方寒(han)地水稻(dao)種植(zhi)業(ye)跨越式(shi)(shi)發(fa)展。”
在(zai)(zai)植質缽(bo)育(yu)秧(yang)(yang)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)生產中心，一(yi)(yi)臺大型充(chong)壓機不(bu)(bu)停地轉動，工(gong)人則(ze)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)地將由秸稈粉、填充(chong)劑、粘結劑、有機肥(fei)等(deng)組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)混合物(wu)送入(ru)輸送帶(dai)，在(zai)(zai)充(chong)壓機的(de)(de)另一(yi)(yi)端，帶(dai)著秸稈及有機肥(fei)味道的(de)(de)半成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)品秧(yang)(yang)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)則(ze)源源不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)地輸出，隨(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)又(you)(you)被(bei)送入(ru)干燥設備中進(jin)行干燥。這種以(yi)稻(dao)草為(wei)主要原(yuan)料制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)秧(yang)(yang)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)不(bu)(bu)但可(ke)實現稻(dao)草的(de)(de)有效利用(yong)，實現秸稈的(de)(de)間接還田，更重要的(de)(de)作用(yong)是改(gai)善(shan)生態環境(jing)。據介紹(shao)，缽(bo)育(yu)機械移(yi)栽技術具有早期(qi)育(yu)苗、秧(yang)(yang)根盤(pan)(pan)(pan)結、秧(yang)(yang)苗齊(qi)壯(zhuang)、移(yi)栽時不(bu)(bu)傷根、無緩苗期(qi)、延長作物(wu)有效生育(yu)期(qi)、秧(yang)(yang)苗可(ke)實現等(deng)行等(deng)距，有利于秧(yang)(yang)苗的(de)(de)田間生長，最終實現提質、增(zeng)產的(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)。目(mu)(mu)(mu)前，國際上擁(yong)有這項(xiang)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟技術的(de)(de)僅(jin)有日(ri)本(ben)(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)幾家公司。然而(er)(er)，移(yi)栽機都存在(zai)(zai)著結構復(fu)雜(za)、價(jia)格(ge)高，尤其秧(yang)(yang)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)價(jia)格(ge)昂貴，每畝(mu)秧(yang)(yang)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)可(ke)達(da)160元(yuan)，而(er)(er)該項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)組所制(zhi)造的(de)(de)秧(yang)(yang)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)每畝(mu)53元(yuan)。即使如(ru)此(ci)，與常規插秧(yang)(yang)技術中因秧(yang)(yang)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)可(ke)以(yi)重復(fu)使用(yong)，每畝(mu)秧(yang)(yang)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)6元(yuan)相比，該秧(yang)(yang)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)的(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)還是較高。因此(ci)，如(ru)何在(zai)(zai)這一(yi)(yi)環節(jie)降(jiang)低成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)組進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步完(wan)善(shan)該技術的(de)(de)內容之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。“這樣的(de)(de)秧(yang)(yang)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)既(ji)環保(bao)又(you)(you)能(neng)增(zeng)加地力(li)，值(zhi)得推廣，但過高的(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)會(hui)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)定程度上阻礙它(ta)的(de)(de)推廣。”有專家建議，增(zeng)加單位時間內的(de)(de)制(zhi)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)量(liang)是措(cuo)施之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)，而(er)(er)要增(zeng)加制(zhi)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)量(liang)，更為(wei)重要的(de)(de)是它(ta)的(de)(de)市場需求量(liang)，只(zhi)有規模上去(qu)了，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)(ben)才能(neng)降(jiang)下來。
“再演(yan)(yan)示(shi)(shi)一遍，我還(huan)要(yao)(yao)再看(kan)看(kan)毛刷(shua)怎(zen)么掃(sao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)，翻板是(shi)怎(zen)么翻的(de)(de)。”在(zai)水稻植(zhi)質(zhi)缽(bo)育精(jing)量播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)演(yan)(yan)示(shi)(shi)現場，有(you)專家(jia)一再要(yao)(yao)求精(jing)量播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)多遍演(yan)(yan)示(shi)(shi)，以便仔細(xi)(xi)觀(guan)看(kan)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)過程(cheng)。只見演(yan)(yan)示(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)按(an)一下遙控(kong)器，裝種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)器開始在(zai)型孔式的(de)(de)充種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)裝置(zhi)上均衡走動，所過之處，由于毛刷(shua)的(de)(de)作用(yong)，充種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)裝置(zhi)上均勻地(di)鋪滿了種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)，演(yan)(yan)示(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)再一按(an)遙控(kong)，充種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)裝置(zhi)下的(de)(de)翻板突(tu)然一動，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)齊刷(shua)刷(shua)落入植(zhi)質(zhi)缽(bo)育秧(yang)盤中。整(zheng)個過程(cheng)簡潔又簡單(dan)。只見專家(jia)們紛(fen)紛(fen)蹲下身子(zi)(zi)，仔細(xi)(xi)地(di)數(shu)著秧(yang)盤中的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)數(shu)，“幾乎沒有(you)漏播的(de)(de)，每個穴有(you)三四粒的(de)(de)，也(ye)有(you)七八粒的(de)(de)，多數(shu)每穴五六(liu)粒，真不(bu)錯。”中國工程(cheng)院(yuan)院(yuan)士羅(luo)錫文對這款精(jing)量播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)的(de)(de)效果(guo)很是(shi)肯定。與(yu)原有(you)的(de)(de)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)相比，此款播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)除了能精(jing)量播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之外，最大的(de)(de)優點(dian)還(huan)是(shi)節約人(ren)(ren)工，與(yu)常規播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)至(zhi)少3人(ren)(ren)不(bu)同(tong)，它只需(xu)要(yao)(yao)一個人(ren)(ren)手持遙控(kong)器即可完成播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。同(tong)時(shi)，較普通育秧(yang)可節省種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)50%－60%。
